When dealing with composite laminates, it is often necessary to model them as homogeneous having effective engineering properties. The effective properties are calculated directly from (12), so they can be determined even for unbalanced and unsymmetric laminates. The effective elastic properties are summarized below in terms of the Hij matrix and the total laminate thickness, h:
		Transverse Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:
		Shear Coefficient of Thermal Expansions: